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SCIENCE SCREEN REPORT opening

(Opening Music)

SUN                       28:42

DISSOLVE TO OIL WELLS      3:59

MONTAGE OF ENERGY USES: CITY AT NIGHT, LIGHTS, HEAT, JET PLANE TAKING OFF, TRAFFIC, COMPUTERS, PHONES, TVs, MOVIES, BOOKS, PEOPLE CROSSING STREET AT LIGHT, SCIENTIST USING HIGH TECH TOOLS ETC.

Energy.  Our ability to control it makes civilization possible.  Without using energy we couldn't light our cities, travel at high speeds, or delve into the secrets of nature.  We depend on our energy resources to keep society functioning.

CAR AT GAS PUMP

SOLAR ARRAY                4:29

HYDROELECTRIC PLANT        4:23

GEYSER                     8:11

That's why, as fossil fuel supplies are used up, renewable energy that draws power from the sun, water, and even from deep within the earth itself, becomes vitally important.

PUMPING OUT HOT WATER      9:30

DIVE INTO CORE ANIMATION   7:05

SETTING UP GRAVITY METER   9:00

ANIM--HOT DRY ROCK        16:44

DRILLING RIG              13:00

POWER PLANT                9:18

Geothermal energy is drawn from the heat inside the earth.  Today, it supplies only a tiny fraction of the energy we consume each year, but its impact may grow as scientists master the technology that will make it possible to "mine" the heat of "hot dry rock" hidden miles beneath the surface of the earth.  In this issue of SCIENCE SCREEN REPORT we'll be looking at a promising new source of energy for the future.

***Title Page***

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CITY AT NIGHT              3:20

Americans use a lot of energy-- nearly half of the energy consumed worldwide. And the population is growing. As it approaches 9 billion by 2030, energy use will increase along with it.

OIL AND GAS SHOTS          3:58

SMOKE STACKS               4:11

Most of our energy is generated from fossil fuels--coal, oil, and natural gas.  But world reserves of oil and gas are limited and may run out halfway through the 21^st century.

SCIENTISTS AT WORK        22:47

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

HYDROELECTICITY            4:23

TREES/CROPS 

SOLAR ARRAY                4:29

WINDMILL                   4:35

GEYSER                     8:11

Because fossil fuel supplies are dwindling, alternative sources of energy are being developed, and the United States now obtains about 8% of its energy from nuclear power plants and another 7% from renewable sources like hydroelectricity and biomass.  Solar, wind, and geothermal sources account for less than one percent of energy consumption.

SCIENTIST SWINGS WITH SLEDGE HAMMER                     5:13

A large-scale renewable source of energy must be found, and some scientists believe that a supply lasting many thousands of years may be stored beneath our feet.

ANIMATION--BIRTH OF SOLAR SYSTEM                     6:07

The source of this energy is the heat of the earth itself, originating at the time of its creation in a fiery consolidation of dust and gas four or five billion years ago.

The sun flared into existence in nuclear explosions that rocked the Milky Way, flinging balls of molten metal into space and into each other, forming larger and denser masses. 

One of these balls of molten metal became the planet Earth.  Now, billions of years later, the surface has cooled, but our vast oceans and continents are just a thin covering.

ANIMATION--DIVE THROUGH SEA TO INNER CORE                 7:05

The earth's core is actually a rock-solid, seven thousand degree furnace.  Surrounding it is the outer core, a seething, molten mass of iron and sulphur.

Above that is the mantle, a very hot amalgam of minerals about 1800 miles thick.

Topping it all is the slender crust--from three and half miles deep under the oceans to as much as fifty miles deep beneath some mountain ranges. 

GRAPHIC SHOWING CROSS SECTION OF EARTH WITH MAGMA RISING

The heat from the earth's core continually flows outward. When temperatures and pressures become high enough, the magma rises, moving slowly up toward the earth's crust carrying the heat from below.

LAVA FLOW FOOTAGE          7:49

Sometimes the hot magma reaches all the way to the surface where we know it as lava, but most often it remains below the crust heating nearby rock and rainwater that has seeped deep into the earth. 

GEYSERS AND SPRINGS        8:11

This water sometimes gets as hot as 700 degrees Fahrenheit.  It travels back up through faults and cracks in the crust reaching the earth's surface as hot springs or geysers.

HOT SPRINGS                8:16

STEAM                      8:30

Most of this hot water, however, stays deep underground trapped in cracks and porous rock.  This natural collection of super heated hot water is called a geothermal reservoir.

POWER PLANT                9:18

Today, we drill into geothermal reservoirs to bring the hot water to the surface where it can be used to spin turbine generators and produce electricity.

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT     8:47

Currently, geothermal water is used around the world.  The largest power plant, the Geysers, in northern California generates more than 1700 megawatts of power, seven percent of the total electricity the utility company provides to the state.

There's more, but I'm not permitted to include the rest.